In this unit pupils:
- learn about acids and alkalis as classes of chemicals with distinct properties and uses
- use indicators to classify solutions as acidic, alkaline or neutral
- use the pH scale to compare the acidity and alkalinity of different solutions
- begin to explore neutralisation
In scientific enquiry pupils:
- recognise hazards and use information sources to assess risks associated with acids and alkalis
- make and present qualitative observations
- interpret qualitative observations, making comparisons and identifying simple patterns
- investigate the effectiveness of different antacids, controlling appropriate variables
In this unit pupils:
- are introduced to the idea that chemical change results in new substances that are different from the ones from which they were made
- explore some simple chemical reactions of acids in which a gas is made
- explore burning as a chemical reaction involving a gas, air or oxygen
- identify hydrogen and carbon dioxide as substances made during some of these reactions
- work with gases to understand that gases are real materials
- begin to use word equations as shorthand descriptions of reactions
In scientific enquiry pupils:
- learn techniques for testing for gases, using laboratory equipment effectively and taking action to control risks
- present observations in ways which enable patterns to be seen
- make generalisations from observations
- suggest and evaluate explanations of observations
- investigate the role of air in the burning of a candle
In this unit pupils:
- learn how the particle model can be used to explain differences between solids, liquids and gases
- explore how experimental evidence relates to theories and models
In scientific enquiry pupils:
- use the particle model to explore the interplay between scientific theories and evidence
- evaluate whether evidence supports or refutes explanations of phenomena
In this unit pupils:
- extend their knowledge of dissolving and the separation of the components of a solution and relate this to particle theory
- begin to distinguish between a 'pure' substance and a mixture
- apply the particle model of solids, liquids and gases in a range of contexts
In scientific enquiry pupils:
- make measurements of temperature and mass
- describe and interpret patterns in graphs and chromatograms
- make predictions from graphs and data about solubility
- investigate how a sample of pure salt can be obtained from a sample of rock salt, evaluating the method in terms of salt obtained